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ed using Siponimod the Celera assembler, Assembled data for both projects were imported into Consed, edited and ver ified. Finishing experiments were performed by primer walking on bridging clones and PCR products to improve sequence quality and gap closure, Common bean is a member of the legume family and is one out of the five cultivated species from the Phaseolus genus that was domesticated by Native American populations, In the case of common bean, domestication occurred in two dif ferent regions, namely Mesoamerica and the Andes of South America which resulted in the Andean and Mesoa merican gene pools, Broad adaptation, consumer acceptability and genetic diversity has made common bean the most widely grown legume for direct human con sumption, with a worldwide distribution and presence in tropical, subtropical and temperate countries and many different environments.

Furthermore, common bean is the third most commonly grown grain legume behind only the protein and oil crops soybean and pea nut, Common bean is highly nutritious with almost twice the protein levels of Bafilomycin A1 cereals, lower fats than soybean or peanut and higher amounts of lysine, phosphorus, iron, zinc, magnesium, copper and calcium than cereals, In many developing countries, especially those of Latin America and Eastern and Southern Africa, common bean is a principal staple to the diets of the rural and urban poor, Microsatellites, also known as simple sequence repeats are tandem repeats made up of motifs of up to six bp and are favored for the development of PCR based molecular markers due to their high Fer-1 rate of polymorph ism, Microsatellite loci can be classified according to their motif or to the number of repeats they contain.

SSRs can be perfect having only one repeat type, or imperfect Plant morphology characterized by having repetitions interrupted by one or more nucleotides differing from the ones of the repetition. Other SSRs are compound with different com binations of perfect and imperfect repeats or simple, when they are not compound. When considering the number of repeats, SSRs can also be classified into two types. class I with more than 10 repeats and class II with fewer than 10 repeats, In common bean, microsatel OAC1 lites have been Siponimod used for molecular characterization of cultivated and wild accessions as well as for genetic diver sity analysis and anchoring of genetic maps, Genetic maps based on molecular markers have been a standard of molecular biology studies in plants since the late 1980s and primarily since the OAC1 start of the mil lennium these have been complemented by physical maps based on assembly of large insert libraries.

Physi cal Siponimod maps were first constructed with yeast artificial chro mosome clones but due to ease of DNA cloning and manipulation, bacterial artificial chromosome clones are now preferred, A physical map is a linear arrangement of DNA fragments that can be constructed using various methodologies. The most common are based on BAC fingerprinting and consist of complete digestion of the clones with one or more restriction enzyme, separation on agarose or polyacrylamide and bioinformatic assembly of overlapping clones through software programs such as FPC, Shotgun clones are also used for physical map construction but are less robust than BAC by BAC characterization.

Physical and genetic maps are not directly comparable because each uses a different distance measure. In the case of a physi cal map, distance is given in kilobases or megabases while for the genetic map it is given in cM and is OAC1 related to genetic recombination rates in a reference mapping population. Furthermore, the kb cM ratio is not constant and varies between species genomes and each plant chromosome, A physical map was constructed for common bean with a 12× coverage BAC library from CIAT, automated fingerprinting and FPC assembly at AGI Purdue, Different methods have been used to integrate the physi cal and genetic maps and can be grouped into the follow ing. 1 in silico comparison of marker